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? semiconductor components industries, llc, 2004 december, 2004 ? rev. 15 1 publication order number: lm324/d lm324, lm324a, lm224, lm2902, lm2902v, ncv2902 single supply quad operational amplifiers the lm324 series are low?cost, quad operational amplifiers with true differential inputs. they have several distinct advantages over standard operational amplifier types in single supply applications. the quad amplifier can operate at supply voltages as low as 3.0 v or as high as 32 v with quiescent currents about one?fifth of those associated with the mc1741 (on a per amplifier basis). the common mode input range includes the negative supply, thereby eliminating the necessity for external biasing components in many applications. the output voltage range also includes the negative power supply voltage. features ? pb?free packages are available* ? short circuited protected outputs ? true differential input stage ? single supply operation: 3.0 v to 32 v ? low input bias currents: 100 na maximum (lm324a) ? four amplifiers per package ? internally compensated ? common mode range extends to negative supply ? industry standard pinouts ? esd clamps on the inputs increase ruggedness without affecting device operation ? ncv prefix for automotive and other applications requiring site and control changes *for additional information on our pb?free strategy and soldering details, please download the on semiconductor soldering and mounting techniques reference manual, solderrm/d. pdip?14 n suffix case 646 1 14 soic?14 d suffix case 751a 1 14 pin connections 8 out 4 inputs 4 v ee , gnd inputs 3 out 3 9 10 11 12 13 14 2 out 1 v cc out 2 1 3 4 5 6 7 inputs 1 inputs 2 (top view) 4 23 1 see general marking information in the device marking section on page 10 of this data sheet. device marking information see detailed ordering and shipping information in the package dimensions section on page 9 of this data sheet. ordering information 1 14 tssop?14 dtb suffix case 948g http://onsemi.com
lm324, lm324a, lm224, lm 2902, lm2902v, ncv2902 http://onsemi.com 2 maximum ratings (t a = + 25 c, unless otherwise noted.) rating symbol value unit power supply voltages 32 vdc single supply v cc 3 16 split supplies v cc , v ee 16 input differential voltage range (note 1) v idr 32 vdc input common mode voltage range v icr ?0.3 to 32 vdc output short circuit duration t sc continuous junction temperature t j 150 c storage temperature range t stg ?65 to +150 c esd protection at any pin human body model machine model v esd 2000 200 v operating ambient temperature range t a c lm224 ?25 to +85 lm324, 324a 0 to +70 lm2902 ?40 to +105 lm2902v, ncv2902 ?40 to +125 maximum ratings are those values beyond which device damage can occur. maximum ratings applied to the device are individual str ess limit values (not normal operating conditions) and are not valid simultaneously. if these limits are exceeded, device functional operation i s not implied, damage may occur and reliability may be affected. 1. split power supplies.
lm324, lm324a, lm224, lm 2902, lm2902v, ncv2902 http://onsemi.com 3 electrical characteristics (v cc = 5.0 v, v ee = gnd, t a = 25 c, unless otherwise noted.) lm224 lm324a lm324 lm2902 lm2902v/ncv2902 characteristics symbol min typ max min typ max min typ max min typ max min typ max unit input offset voltage v io mv v cc = 5.0 v to 30 v v icr = 0 v to v cc ?1.7 v, v o = 1.4 v, r s = 0 t a = 25 c ? 2.0 5.0 ? 2.0 3.0 ? 2.0 7.0 ? 2.0 7.0 ? 2.0 7.0 t a = t high (note 2) ? ? 7.0 ? ? 5.0 ? ? 9.0 ? ? 10 ? ? 13 t a = t low (note 2) ? ? 7.0 ? ? 5.0 ? ? 9.0 ? ? 10 ? ? 10 average temperature coefficient of input offset voltage v io / t ? 7.0 ? ? 7.0 30 ? 7.0 ? ? 7.0 ? ? 7.0 ? v/ c t a = t high to t low (notes 2 and 4) input offset current i io ? 3.0 30 ? 5.0 30 ? 5.0 50 ? 5.0 50 ? 5.0 50 na t a = t high to t low (note 2) ? ? 100 ? ? 75 ? ? 150 ? ? 200 ? ? 200 average temperature coefficient of input offset current i io / t ? 10 ? ? 10 300 ? 10 ? ? 10 ? ? 10 ? pa/ c t a = t high to t low (notes 2 and 4) input bias current i ib ? ?90 ?150 ? ?45 ?100 ? ?90 ?250 ? ?90 ?250 ? ?90 ?250 na t a = t high to t low (note 2) ? ? ?300 ? ? ?200 ? ? ?500 ? ? ?500 ? ? ?500 input common mode voltage range (note 3) v icr v v cc = 30 v t a = +25 c 0 ? 28.3 0 ? 28.3 0 ? 28.3 0 ? 24.3 0 ? 24.3 t a = t high to t low (note 2) 0 ? 28 0 ? 28 0 ? 28 0 ? 24 0 ? 24 differential input voltage range v idr ? ? v cc ? ? v cc ? ? v cc ? ? v cc ? ? v cc v large signal open loop voltage gain a vol v/mv r l = 2.0 k , v cc = 15 v, for large v o swing 50 100 ? 25 100 ? 25 100 ? 25 100 ? 25 100 ? t a = t high to t low (note 2) 25 ? ? 15 ? ? 15 ? ? 15 ? ? 15 ? ? channel separation 10 khz f 20 khz, input referenced cs ? ?120 ? ? ?120 ? ? ?120 ? ? ?120 ? ? ?120 ? db common mode rejection, r s 10 k cmr 70 85 ? 65 70 ? 65 70 ? 50 70 ? 50 70 ? db power supply rejection psr 65 100 ? 65 100 ? 65 100 ? 50 100 ? 50 100 ? db 2. lm224: t low = ?25 c, t high = +85 c lm324/lm324a: t low = 0 c, t high = +70 c lm2902: t low = ?40 c, t high = +105 c lm2902v & ncv2902: t low = ?40 c, t high = +125 c ncv2902 is qualified for automotive use. 3. the input common mode voltage or either input signal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by more than 0.3 v. the upp er end of the common mode voltage range is v cc ?1.7 v. 4. guaranteed by design.
lm324, lm324a, lm224, lm 2902, lm2902v, ncv2902 http://onsemi.com 4 electrical characteristics (v cc = 5.0 v, v ee = gnd, t a = 25 c, unless otherwise noted.) lm224 lm324a lm324 lm2902 lm2902v/ncv2902 characteristics symbol min typ max min typ max min typ max min typ max min typ max unit output voltage ? high limit (t a = t high to t low ) (note 5) v oh v v cc = 5.0 v, r l = 2.0 k , t a = 25 c 3.3 3.5 ? 3.3 3.5 ? 3.3 3.5 ? 3.3 3.5 ? 3.3 3.5 ? v cc = 30 v r l = 2.0 k 26 ? ? 26 ? ? 26 ? ? 22 ? ? 22 ? ? v cc = 30 v r l = 10 k 27 28 ? 27 28 ? 27 28 ? 23 24 ? 23 24 ? output voltage ? low limit, v cc = 5.0 v, r l = 10 k , t a = t high to t low (note 5) v ol ? 5.0 20 ? 5.0 20 ? 5.0 20 ? 5.0 100 ? 5.0 100 mv output source current (v id = +1.0 v, v cc = 15 v) i o + ma t a = 25 c 20 40 ? 20 40 ? 20 40 ? 20 40 ? 20 40 ? t a = t high to t low (note 5) 10 20 ? 10 20 ? 10 20 ? 10 20 ? 10 20 ? output sink current i o ? ma (v id = ?1.0 v, v cc = 15 v) t a = 25 c 10 20 ? 10 20 ? 10 20 ? 10 20 ? 10 20 ? t a = t high to t low (note 5) 5.0 8.0 ? 5.0 8.0 ? 5.0 8.0 ? 5.0 8.0 ? 5.0 8.0 ? (v id = ?1.0 v, v o = 200 mv, t a = 25 c) 12 50 ? 12 50 ? 12 50 ? ? ? ? ? ? ? a output short circuit to ground (note 6) i sc ? 40 60 ? 40 60 ? 40 60 ? 40 60 ? 40 60 ma power supply current (t a = t high to t low ) (note 5) i cc ma v cc = 30 v v o = 0 v, r l = ? ? 3.0 ? 1.4 3.0 ? ? 3.0 ? ? 3.0 ? ? 3.0 v cc = 5.0 v, v o = 0 v, r l = ? ? 1.2 ? 0.7 1.2 ? ? 1.2 ? ? 1.2 ? ? 1.2 5. lm224: t low = ?25 c, t high = +85 c lm324/lm324a: t low = 0 c, t high = +70 c lm2902: t low = ?40 c, t high = +105 c lm2902v & ncv2902: t low = ?40 c, t high = +125 c ncv2902 is qualified for automotive use. 6. the input common mode voltage or either input signal voltage should not be allowed to go negative by more than 0.3 v. the upp er end of the common mode voltage range is v cc ?1.7 v.
lm324, lm324a, lm224, lm 2902, lm2902v, ncv2902 http://onsemi.com 5 figure 1. representative circuit diagram (one?fourth of circuit shown) output bias circuitry common to four amplifiers v cc v ee /gnd inputs q2 q3 q4 q5 q26 q7 q8 q6 q9 q11 q10 q1 2.4 k q25 q22 40 k q13 q14 q15 q16 q19 5.0 pf q18 q17 q20 q21 2.0 k q24 q23 q12 25 + - circuit description the lm324 series is made using four internally compensated, two?stage operational amplifiers. the first stage of each consists of differential input devices q20 and q18 with input buffer transistors q21 and q17 and the differential to single ended converter q3 and q4. the first stage performs not only the first stage gain function but also performs the level shifting and transconductance reduction functions. by reducing the transconductance, a smaller compensation capacitor (only 5.0 pf) can be employed, thus saving chip area. the transconductance reduction is accomplished by splitting the collectors of q20 and q18. another feature of this input stage is that the input common mode range can include the negative supply or ground, in single supply operation, without saturating either the input devices or the differential to single?ended converter. the second stage consists of a standard current source load amplifier stage. figure 2. large signal voltage follower response v cc = 15 vdc r l = 2.0 k t a = 25 c 5.0 s/div 1.0 v/div each amplifier is biased from an internal?voltage regulator which has a low temperature coefficient thus giving each amplifier good temperature characteristics as well as excellent power supply rejection. single supply split supplies v cc v ee /gnd 3.0 v to v cc(max) 1 2 3 4 v cc 1 2 3 4 v ee 1.5 v to v cc(max) 1.5 v to v ee(max) figure 3.
lm324, lm324a, lm224, lm 2902, lm2902v, ncv2902 http://onsemi.com 6 v or , output voltage range (v ) pp v o , output voltage (mv) 14 12 10 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0 1.0 10 100 1000 f, frequency (khz) 550 500 450 400 350 300 250 200 0 0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 t, time ( s) 2.4 2.1 1.8 1.5 1.2 0.9 0.6 0.3 0 0 5.0 10 15 20 25 30 35 v cc , power supply voltage (v) v cc , power supply voltage (v) 90 80 70 0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10 12 14 16 18 20 i , power supply current (ma) cc i , input bias current (na) ib v cc = 30 v v ee = gnd t a = 25 c c l = 50 pf input output v , input voltage (v) i 18 16 14 12 10 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 0 20 0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10 12 14 16 18 20 v cc /v ee, power supply voltages (v) positive negative t a = 25 c r l = r l = 2.0 k v cc = 15 v v ee = gnd gain = -100 r i = 1.0 k r f = 100 k figure 4. input voltage range figure 5. open loop frequency 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 -20 1.0 10 100 1.0 k 10 k 100 k 1.0 m f, frequency (hz) a , large-signal vol open loop voltage gain (db) v cc = 15 v v ee = gnd t a = 25 c figure 6. large?signal frequency response figure 7. small?signal voltage follower pulse response (noninverting) figure 8. power supply current versus power supply voltage figure 9. input bias current versus power supply voltage
lm324, lm324a, lm224, lm 2902, lm2902v, ncv2902 http://onsemi.com 7 2 1 r1 t bp r1 + r2 r1 r1 + r2 e o e 1 e 2 e o = c (1 + a + b) (e 2 - e 1 ) r1 a r1 b r1 r - + + - - + r + - r1 r2 v o v ref v in v oh v o v ol v inl = r1 (v ol - v ref ) + v ref v inh = (v oh - v ref ) + v ref h = r1 + r2 (v oh - v ol ) r1 - + - + - + r c r2 r1 r3 c1 100 k r c r c1 r2 100 k v in v ref v ref v ref vref bandpass output f o = 2 rc r1 = qr r2 = r3 = t n r2 c1 = 10c 1 notch output v ref =v cc hysteresis 1 c r v inl v inh v ref where:t bp =center frequency gain where: t n =passband notch gain r = 160 k c = 0.001 f r1 = 1.6 m r2 = 1.6 m r3 = 1.6 m for:f o =1.0 khz for: q= 10 for: t bp = 1 for: t n = 1 - + mc1403 1/4 lm324 - + r1 v cc v cc v o 2.5 v r2 50 k 10 k v ref v ref = v cc 2 5.0 k r c r c + - v o 2 rc 1 for: f o = 1.0 khz r = 16 k c = 0.01 f v o = 2.5 v 1 + r1 r2 1 v cc f o = 1/4 lm324 1/4 lm324 1/4 lm324 1/4 lm324 1 c r 1/4 lm324 1/4 lm324 1/4 lm324 1/4 lm324 1/4 lm324 figure 10. voltage reference figure 11. wien bridge oscillator figure 12. high impedance differential amplifier figure 13. comparator with hysteresis figure 14. bi?quad filter
lm324, lm324a, lm224, lm 2902, lm2902v, ncv2902 http://onsemi.com 8 2 1 for less than 10% error from operational amplifier, if source impedance varies, filter may be preceded with voltage follower buffer to stabilize filter parameters. where f o and bw are expressed in hz. q o f o bw < 0.1 given:f o =center frequency a(f o )=gain at center frequency choose value f o , c then: r3 = q f o c r3 r1 = 2 a(f o ) r1 r3 4q 2 r1 - r3 r2 = + - + - v ref =v cc v ref f = r1 + r c 4 cr f r1 r3 = r2 r1 r2 + r1 r2 300 k 75 k r3 r1 100 k c triangle wave output square wave output v in r f if v ref 1/4 lm324 1/4 lm324 figure 15. function generator figure 16. multiple feedback bandpass filter v ref =v cc 1 2 - + v cc r3 r1 r2 v ref c c v o co = 10 c c o 1/4 lm324
lm324, lm324a, lm224, lm 2902, lm2902v, ncv2902 http://onsemi.com 9 ordering information device operating temperature range package shipping 2 lm224d soic?14 55 units/rail lm224dg soic?14 (pb?free) 55 units/rail LM224DR2 soic?14 2500 tape & reel LM224DR2g soic?14 (pb?free) 2500 tape & reel lm224dtb ?25 c to +85 c tssop?14 (pb?free) 96 units/rail lm224dtbr2 tssop?14 (pb?free) 2500 tape & reel lm224n pdip?14 25 units/rail lm224ng pdip?14 (pb?free) 25 units/rail lm324d soic?14 55 units/rail lm324dg soic?14 (pb?free) 55 units/rail lm324dr2 soic?14 2500 tape & reel lm324dr2g soic?14 (pb?free) 2500 tape & reel lm324dtb tssop?14 96 units/rail lm324dtbr2 tssop?14 2500 tape & reel lm324n pdip?14 25 units/rail lm324ng 0 c to +70 5 c pdip?14 (pb?free) 25 units/rail lm324ad 0 cto +70 c soic?14 55 units/rail lm324adr2 soic?14 2500 tape & reel lm324adr2g soic?14 (pb?free) 2500 tape & reel lm324adtb tssop?14 (pb?free) 96 units/rail lm324adtbr2 tssop?14 (pb?free) 2500 tape & reel lm324an pdip?14 25 units/rail lm324ang pdip?14 (pb?free) 25 units/rail lm2902d soic?14 55 units/rail lm2902dg soic?14 (pb?free) 55 units/rail lm2902dr2 soic?14 2500 tape & reel lm2902dr2g soic?14 (pb?free) 2500 tape & reel lm2902dtb ?40 c to +105 c tssop?14 (pb?free) 96 units/rail lm2902dtbr2 tssop?14 (pb?free) 2500 tape & reel lm2902n pdip?14 25 units/rail lm2902ng pdip?14 (pb?free) 25 units/rail 2for information on tape and reel specifications, including part orientation and tape sizes, please refer to our tape and reel packaging specifications brochure, brd8011/d.
lm324, lm324a, lm224, lm 2902, lm2902v, ncv2902 http://onsemi.com 10 ordering information device operating temperature range package shipping 2 lm2902vd soic?14 55 units/rail lm2902vdr2 soic?14 2500 tape & reel lm2902vdr2g soic?14 (pb?free) 2500 tape & reel lm2902vdtb 40 c to +125 c tssop?14 (pb?free) 96 units/rail lm2902vdtbr2 tssop?14 (pb?free) 2500 tape & reel lm2902vn pdip?14 25 units/rail ncv2902dr2 soic?14 2500 tape & reel 2for information on tape and reel specifications, including part orientation and tape sizes, please refer to our tape and reel packaging specifications brochure, brd8011/d. marking diagrams x = 2 or 3 a = assembly location wl = wafer lot yy, y = year ww, w = work week pdip?14 n suffix case 646 soic?14 d suffix case 751a 1 14 lm324an awlyyww 1 14 lmx24n awlyyww 1 14 lm2902n awlyyww 1 14 lm2902vn awlyyww 1 14 lm324ad awlyww 1 14 lmx24d awlyww 1 14 lm2902d awlyww 1 14 lm2902vd awlyww *this marking diagram also applies to ncv2902. tssop?14 dtb suffix case 948g 1 14 x24 awyw 1 14 324a awyw 1 14 2902 awyw 1 14 2902 v awyw *
lm324, lm324a, lm224, lm 2902, lm2902v, ncv2902 http://onsemi.com 11 package dimensions 17 14 8 b a dim min max min max millimeters inches a 0.715 0.770 18.16 18.80 b 0.240 0.260 6.10 6.60 c 0.145 0.185 3.69 4.69 d 0.015 0.021 0.38 0.53 f 0.040 0.070 1.02 1.78 g 0.100 bsc 2.54 bsc h 0.052 0.095 1.32 2.41 j 0.008 0.015 0.20 0.38 k 0.115 0.135 2.92 3.43 l m ??? 10 ??? 10 n 0.015 0.039 0.38 1.01 notes: 1. dimensioning and tolerancing per ansi y14.5m, 1982. 2. controlling dimension: inch. 3. dimension l to center of leads when formed parallel. 4. dimension b does not include mold flash. 5. rounded corners optional. f hg d k c seating plane n ?t? 14 pl m 0.13 (0.005) l m j 0.290 0.310 7.37 7.87 pdip?14 n suffix case 646?06 issue n soic?14 d suffix case 751a?03 issue g notes: 1. dimensioning and tolerancing per ansi y14.5m, 1982. 2. controlling dimension: millimeter. 3. dimensions a and b do not include mold protrusion. 4. maximum mold protrusion 0.15 (0.006) per side. 5. dimension d does not include dambar protrusion. allowable dambar protrusion shall be 0.127 (0.005) total in excess of the d dimension at maximum material condition. ?a? ?b? g p 7 pl 14 8 7 1 m 0.25 (0.010) b m s b m 0.25 (0.010) a s t ?t? f r x 45 seating plane d 14 pl k c j m dim min max min max inches millimeters a 8.55 8.75 0.337 0.344 b 3.80 4.00 0.150 0.157 c 1.35 1.75 0.054 0.068 d 0.35 0.49 0.014 0.019 f 0.40 1.25 0.016 0.049 g 1.27 bsc 0.050 bsc j 0.19 0.25 0.008 0.009 k 0.10 0.25 0.004 0.009 m 0 7 0 7 p 5.80 6.20 0.228 0.244 r 0.25 0.50 0.010 0.019
lm324, lm324a, lm224, lm 2902, lm2902v, ncv2902 http://onsemi.com 12 package dimensions tssop?14 dtb suffix case 948g?01 issue o dim min max min max inches millimeters a 4.90 5.10 0.193 0.200 b 4.30 4.50 0.169 0.177 c --- 1.20 --- 0.047 d 0.05 0.15 0.002 0.006 f 0.50 0.75 0.020 0.030 g 0.65 bsc 0.026 bsc h 0.50 0.60 0.020 0.024 j 0.09 0.20 0.004 0.008 j1 0.09 0.16 0.004 0.006 k 0.19 0.30 0.007 0.012 k1 0.19 0.25 0.007 0.010 l 6.40 bsc 0.252 bsc m 0 8 0 8 notes: 1. dimensioning and tolerancing per ansi y14.5m, 1982. 2. controlling dimension: millimeter. 3. dimension a does not include mold flash, protrusions or gate burrs. mold flash or gate burrs shall not exceed 0.15 (0.006) per side. 4. dimension b does not include interlead flash or protrusion. interlead flash or protrusion shall not exceed 0.25 (0.010) per side. 5. dimension k does not include dambar protrusion. allowable dambar protrusion shall be 0.08 (0.003) total in excess of the k dimension at maximum material condition. 6. terminal numbers are shown for reference only. 7. dimension a and b are to be determined at datum plane -w-. s u 0.15 (0.006) t 2x l/2 s u m 0.10 (0.004) v s t l ?u? seating plane 0.10 (0.004) ?t? ??? ??? section n-n detail e j j1 k k1 detail e f m -w- 0.25 (0.010) 8 14 7 1 pin 1 ident. h g a d c b s u 0.15 (0.006) t ?v? 14x ref k n n on semiconductor and are registered trademarks of semiconductor components industries, llc (scillc). scillc reserves the right to mak e changes without further notice to any products herein. scillc makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for an y particular purpose, nor does scillc assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability, including wi thout limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. atypicalo parameters which may be provided in scillc data sheets and/or specifications can and do vary in different application s and actual performance may vary over time. all operating parameters, including atypicalso must be validated for each customer application by customer's technical experts. scillc does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others. scillc products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the scillc product could create a sit uation where personal injury or death may occur. should buyer purchase or use scillc products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, buyer shall indemnify and hold scillc and its officers, employees, subsidiaries, af filiates, and distributors harmless against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, and reasonable attorney fees arising out of, direct ly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim alleges that scillc was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. scillc is an equal opportunity/affirmative action employer. this literature is subject to all applicable copyright laws and is not for resale in any manner. publication ordering information n. american technical support : 800?282?9855 toll free usa/canada japan : on semiconductor, japan customer focus center 2?9?1 kamimeguro, meguro?ku, tokyo, japan 153?0051 phone : 81?3?5773?3850 lm324/d literature fulfillment : literature distribution center for on semiconductor p.o. box 61312, phoenix, arizona 85082?1312 usa phone : 480?829?7710 or 800?344?3860 toll free usa/canada fax : 480?829?7709 or 800?344?3867 toll free usa/canada email : orderlit@onsemi.com on semiconductor website : http://onsemi.com order literature : http://www.onsemi.com/litorder for additional information, please contact your local sales representative.

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